We use a combination of analytic tools and an extensive set of the largest and most accurate three-dimensional field theory numerical simulations to study the dynamics of domain wall networks with junctions .
We build upon our previous work and consider a class of models which , in the limit of large number N of coupled scalar fields , approaches the so-called ‘ ideal ’ model ( in terms of its potential to lead to network frustration ) .
We consider values of N between N = 2 and N = 20 , and a range of cosmological epochs , and we also compare this class of models with other toy models used in the past .
In all cases we find compelling evidence for a gradual approach to scaling , strongly supporting our no-frustration conjecture .
We also discuss the various possible types of junctions ( including cases where there is a hierarchy of them ) and their roles in the dynamics of the network .
Finally , we revise the Zel ’ dovich bound and provide an updated cosmological bound on the energy scale of this type of defect network : it must be lower than 10 { keV } .