Using data , provided by WMAP7 , I calculate the entropy of the visible universe , where visible refers to electromagnetic radiation , and hence the visible universe is bounded by the Surface of Last Scatter .
The dimensionless entropy , S / k , is ( 8.85 \pm 0.37 ) times larger than allowed by a simplified and non-covariant version of the holographic principle , that the entropy can not exceed that of a black hole .
The measurement of a shift parameter , introduced by Bond , Efstathiou and Tegmark in 1997 , plays an important role in the accuracy of the calculation , which leads to the large discrepancy .