Context : A precise understanding of the relations between observable X-ray properties of galaxy clusters and cluster mass is a vital part of the application of X-ray galaxy cluster surveys to test cosmological models .
An understanding of how these relations evolve with redshift is just emerging from a number of observational data sets .

Aims : The current literature provides a diverse and inhomogeneous picture of scaling relation evolution .
We attempt to transform these results and the data on recently discovered distant clusters into an updated and consistent framework , and provide an overall view of scaling relation evolution from the combined data sets .

Methods : We study in particular the most important scaling relations connecting X-ray luminosity , temperature , and cluster mass ( M–T , L _ { X } –T , and M–L _ { X } ) combining 14 published data sets supplemented with recently published data of distant clusters and new results from follow-up observations of the XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project ( XDCP ) that adds new leverage to efficiently constrain the scaling relations at high redshift .

Results : We find that the evolution of the mass-temperature relation is consistent with the self-similar evolution prediction , while the evolution of X-ray luminosity for a given temperature and mass for a given X-ray luminosity is slower than predicted by simple self-similar models .
Our best fit results for the evolution factor E ( z ) ^ { \alpha } are \alpha = -1.04 \pm 0.07 for the M–T relation , \alpha = -0.23 ^ { +0.12 } _ { -0.62 } for the L-T relation , and \alpha = -0.93 ^ { +0.62 } _ { -0.12 } for the M–L _ { X } relation .
We also explore the influence of selection effects on scaling relations and find that selection biases are the most likely reason for apparent inconsistencies between different published data sets .

Conclusions : The new results provide the currently most robust calibration of high-redshift cluster mass estimates based on X-ray luminosity and temperature and help us to improve the prediction of the number of clusters to be found in future galaxy cluster X-ray surveys , such as eROSITA .
The comparison of evolution results with hydrodynamical cosmological simulations suggests that early preheating of the intracluster medium ( ICM ) provides the most suitable scenario to explain the observed evolution .