In the Randall-Sundrum model where the Standard Model fields are confined to the TeV brane located at the orbifold point \theta = \pi and the gravity peaks at the Planck brane located at \theta = 0 , the stabilized modulus ( radion ) field is required to stabilize the size of the fifth spatial dimension .
It can be produced copiously inside the supernova core due to nucleon-nucleon bremstrahlung , electron-positron and plasmon-plasmon annihilations , which then subsequently decays to neutrino-antineutrino pair and take away the energy released in SN1987A explosion .
Assuming that the supernovae cooling rate \dot { \varepsilon } \leq 7.288 \times 10 ^ { -27 } GeV , we find the lower bound on the radion vev \langle \phi \rangle \sim 9.0 TeV , 2.2 TeV and 0.9 TeV corresponding to the radion mass m _ { \phi } = 5 GeV , 20 GeV and 50 GeV , respectively . Keywords : Randall-Sundrum model , Radion , Supernovae cooling .