We propose that the mass-temperature relation of galaxy clusters is a prime candidate for testing gravity theories beyond Einstein ’ s general relativity , for modified gravity models with universal coupling between matter and the scalar field .
For non-universally coupled models we discover that the impact of modified gravity can remain hidden from the mass-temperature relation .
Using cosmological simulations , we find that in modified gravity the mass-temperature relation varies significantly from the standard gravity prediction of M \propto T ^ { 1.73 } .
To be specific , for symmetron models with a coupling factor of \beta = 1 we find a lower limit to the power law as M \propto T ^ { 1.6 } ; and for f ( R ) gravity we compute predictions based on the model parameters .
We show that the mass-temperature relation , for screened modified gravities , is significantly different from that of standard gravity for the less massive and colder galaxy clusters , while being indistinguishable from Einstein ’ s gravity at massive , hot galaxy clusters .
We further investigate the mass-temperature relation for other mass estimates than the thermal mass estimate , and discover that the gas mass-temperature results show an even more significant deviations from Einstein ’ s gravity than the thermal mass-temperature .