We have analized a sample of 327 clusters of galaxies spanning the range 0.06-0.70 in redshift .
Strong constraints on their mean intracluster emission by dust have been obtained using maps and catalogs from the HERSCHEL HerMES project ; within a radius of 5 arcmin centered in each cluster , the 95 % C.L .
limits obtained are 86.6 , 48.2 and 30.9 mJy at the observed frequencies of 250 , 350 and 500 \mu m. From these restrictions , and assuming physical parameters typical of interstellar media in the Milky Way , we have obtained tight upper limits on the visual extinction of background galaxies due to the intracluster media : A _ { V } ( 95 \% C . L . ) \lesssim 10 ^ { -3 } mags .
Strong constraints are also obtained for the mass of such dust ; for instance using the data at 350 \mu m we establish a 95 % upper limit of < 10 ^ { 9 } M _ { \odot } within a circle with a radius of 5 arcmin centered in the clusters .
This corresponds to a fraction of the total mass of the clusters of 9.5 \times 10 ^ { -6 } , and indicates a deficiency in the gas-to-dust ratio in the intracluster media by about three orders of magnitude as regards the value found in the Milky Way .
Computing the total infrared luminosity of the clusters in three ranges of redshift ( 0.05-0.24 , 0.24-0.42 and 0.42-0.71 ) and two ranges of mass ( < 10 ^ { 14 } and > 10 ^ { 14 } M _ { \odot } ) respectively , a strong evolution of luminosity in redshift ( L \sim z ^ { 1.5 } ) for both ranges of masses is found .
The results indicate a strong declining in star formation rate with time in the last \sim 6 Gyr .