We have obtained high-resolution ( R \simeq 50,000 or 90,000 ) , high-quality ( S/N \gtrsim 100 ) spectra of 22 very metal-poor stars ( [ Fe/H ] \lesssim 
–2.5 ) with the High Dispersion Spectrograph fabricated for the 8.2m Subaru Telescope .
The spectra cover the wavelength range from 3500 to 5100 Å ; equivalent widths are measured for isolated lines of numerous elemental species , including the \alpha elements , the iron-peak elements , and the light and heavy neutron-capture elements .
Errors in the measurements and comparisons with previous studies are discussed .
These data will be used to perform detailed abundance analyses in the following papers of this series .
Radial velocities are also reported , and are compared with previous studies .
At least one moderately r-process-enhanced metal-poor star , HD 186478 , exhibits evidence of a small-amplitude radial velocity variation , confirming the binary status noted previously .
During the course of this initial program , we have discovered a new moderately r-process-enhanced , very metal-poor star , CS 30306–132 ( [ Fe/H ] = -2.4 ; [ Eu/Fe ] = +0.85 ) , which is discussed in detail in the companion paper .