Taking three independent approaches , we investigate the simultaneous constraints set on the cosmic star formation history from various observations , including stellar mass density and extragalactic background light ( EBL ) .
We compare results based on : 1 ) direct observations of past light-cone , 2 ) a model using local fossil evidence constrained by SDSS observations at z \sim 0 ( the ‘ Fossil ’ model ) , and 3 ) theoretical ab initio models from three calculations of cosmic star formation history : ( a ) new ( 1024 ) ^ { 3 } Total Variation Diminishing ( TVD ) cosmological hydrodynamic simulation , ( b ) analytic expression of Hernquist & Springel based on cosmological Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics ( SPH ) simulations , and ( c ) semi-analytic model of Cole et al .
We find good agreement among the three independent approaches up to the order of observational errors , except that all the models predict bolometric EBL of I _ { tot } \simeq 37 - 52 nW m ^ { -2 } sr ^ { -1 } , which is at the lower edge of the the observational estimate by Hauser & Dwek ( 46 ) .
We emphasize that the Fossil model that consists of two components — spheroids and disks — , when normalized to the local observations , provides a surprisingly simple but accurate description of the cosmic star formation history and other observable quantities .
Our analysis suggests that the consensus global parameters at z = 0 are : \Omega _ { \star } = 0.0023 \pm 0.0004 , I _ { EBL } = 43 \pm 7 { nW m ^ { -2 } sr ^ { -1 } } , \dot { \rho _ { \star } } = ( 1.06 \pm 0.22 ) \times 10 ^ { -2 } { M _ { \odot } } { yr } ^ { -1 % } { Mpc } ^ { -3 } , j _ { bol } = ( 3.1 \pm 0.2 ) \times 10 ^ { 8 } L _ { \odot } { Mpc } ^ { -3 } .