Hubble Space Telescope ( HST/ACS ) images of the Helix Planetary Nebula ( NGC 7293 ) are interpreted using the hydro-gravitational-dynamics theory ( HGD ) of Gibson 1996-2006 .
HGD claims that baryonic-dark-matter ( BDM ) dominates the halo masses of galaxies ( Schild 1996 ) as Jovian ( Primordial-fog-particle [ PFP ] ) Planets ( JPPs ) in proto-globular-star-cluster ( PGC ) clumps for all galaxy halo diameters bounded by stars .
From HGD , supernova Ia ( SNe Ia ) events always occur in planetary nebulae ( PNe ) within PGCs .
The dying central star of a PNe slowly accretes JPP mass to grow the white-dwarf to 1.44 M _ { \sun } instability from \geq 1000 M _ { \sun } BDM within luminous PNe diameters .
Plasma jets , winds and radiation driven by contraction and spin-up of the carbon star evaporate JPPs revealing its Oort accretional cavity .
SNe Ia events may thus be obscured or not obscured by radiation-inflated JPP atmospheres producing systematic SNe Ia distance errors , so the otherwise mysterious “ dark energy ” concept is unnecessary .
HST/ACS and WFPC2 Helix images show > 7 , 000 cometary globules and SST/IRAC images show > 20 , 000 - 40 , 000 , here interpreted as gas-dust cocoons of JPPs evaporated by the spin powered radiation of the PNe central white-dwarf .
Observed JPP masses \approx 3 \times 10 ^ { 25 } kg with spacing \approx 10 ^ { 14 } m for galaxy star forming regions give a density \rho that fossilizes the primordial density \rho _ { 0 } \approx 3 \times 10 ^ { -17 } kg m ^ { -3 } existing for times 10 ^ { 12 } \leq t \leq 10 ^ { 13 } s when the plasma universe fragmented into proto-superclusters , proto-clusters , and proto-galaxies .
Pulsar scintillation spectra support the postulated multi-planet atmospheres .